Refer to document Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Allude to archive - Coursework Example Astute budgetary choices are the best rewards a speculator or a representative can provide for himself for a protected monetary future. I think the term social science is excessively expansive in this unique circumstance. In any case, it is astute that understudy 2 clarified further by indicating that numerous air pockets are because of overly sensitive contributing among money related industry individuals. Similarly as he recommends on the should be completely mindful of the good and bad times of the financial exchange before any ventures, I agree with him that speculators ought not simply depend on the positive or negative side of the historical backdrop of the stocks, but instead take quality time contemplating the stocks and making potential changes at whatever point important. Tying down, as proposed by this understudy is surely a typical conduct in the current securities exchange. This appears to go inseparably with the perspectives on understudy 2 on the possibility that the historical backdrop of stocks ought not generally be a factor to base on while choosing to contribute. Going with the group is another perilous move featured here. Individuals ought to figure out how to evaluate stocks emotionally and settle on singular choices as opposed to doing what others believe is correct, basically in light of the fact that business sectors can never be unsurprising; they can be characterized in various terms by various divisions. Braham, L. (2014, April 7). How Money Managers Fight Their Emotions and Sometimes Lose. Bloomberg.com. Recovered October 28, 2014, from

Reconstruction in the 20th Century Essay Example For Students

Reproduction in the twentieth Century Essay The start of the twentieth century was a paramount time in history for the United States. This timespan definitely changed our nation strategically and socially by change. The Presidents that governed our nation during this time were particularly incredible and made numerous distinctions, ladies and African Americans were beginning to stand firm, and our nation had the option to make it completely through the Great Depression. These occasions that occurred in the mid 1900s helped our nation recapture quality and discover an equalization of its capacity. The demonstration of transformation, served to firmly shape America into what it has become today. At the point when the Great Depression hit our nation in 1893, we went into a prompt condition of commotion. Individuals started to think adversely and began to accept that no good thing could ever come out from the nineteenth century. In any case, our nation had the option to pull away from this tainted viewpoint and escape from the Depression and the wreckage that it joined. US residents were beginning to get inspired by new thoughts and were confident to effectively utilize them as quickly as time permits. A considerable lot of the individuals that needed change were populists, ladies, and worker's guilds. These gatherings of individuals wanted to see a distinction in the public eye and governmental issues. It was in every case hard for individuals to concur about legislative issues during the 1900s. Numerous individuals needed to make changes or enhancements in the administration to advance a more grounded majority rule government. A statement from America in the twentieth Century clarifies how frail the administration was at one point ever. Since the Civil War, business impacts had ruled government to such a degree, that huge business for all intents and purposes ran the administration (Angel, vol.1). Americans needed to change the manner in which government worked and permit the individuals to have more state in things. A few ideological groups were framed in the mid 1900s to advance work changes. A case of this would be Eugene Debs who ran for the communist party and was a solid supporter of work change. Socially, ladies and African Americans were getting progressively dynamic the nation over. After various battles, the nineteenth amendment was passed in 1920 to permit ladies testimonial. In the event that ladies were never allowed to cast a ballot, our reality would be oddly unique. Additionally, the lynching numbers remarkably diminished from 1900 to 1915 to show that African Americans were not being abused as much as in the past. The reformers that bolstered the issues of ladies testimonial and the treatment of African Americans likewise strived for enhancements in everyday environments, extra alternatives for instructions and changes in industrialization. It is obvious that the initial two many years of the twentieth century made up an exceptionally dynamic timespan in American history. If one somehow happened to return in time and eradicate the start of the nineteenth century, our nation would not be in any way similar to what it is presently. This timespan assisted with forming what the United States is today by taking risks and making contrasts. Reformers were standing up for ladies testimonial and everyday environments, ideological groups were continually developing to favor one side on significant issues, and upgrades all through the nation were being practiced. The reconstruction that occurred between the long stretches of 1900 and 1920 will never be overlooked due to their massive effect on our nation today. Book index: - Chapter 23 Notes (The American Journey) - Angel, Ann. America in the twentieth Century 1900-1909. 12 vols. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1995. .

New Student Series Part 4 Meet Nick Reinhold COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Series Part 4 Meet Nick Reinhold COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Please  welcome Nick Reinhold to the incoming Fall 2015 class at SIPA! Nicks spent the last several years on active duty for the Air Force ROTC, and has served in Texas, Iraq and Japan, among other locations. (Thank you for your service, Nick.) Nick is passionate about public service, and believes everyone in the United States should have the opportunity to be a public servant and reap the benefits of a GI Bill. Read what he means by that below. [Photo courtesy of Nick Reinhold.] Nick, Ambassador Caroline Kennedy, and his brother, Blake. Full Name: Nick Reinhold Program:  Master of International Affairs Concentration:  International Security Policy Specialization:  East Asia Anticipated Graduation Year: 2017 Hometown: Athens, New York Undergraduate university, major and graduation year: Stony Brook University, Political Science and History, 2007   What’s your professional background? I attended Air Force ROTC in New York City and have spent the past eight years on active duty, serving in Korea, Japan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Texas, Florida, and Virginia.   Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? Both, I’ve enjoyed many aspects of being in the military, but am very mindful that it is the only lifestyle I’ve ever known. I’m hoping to explore as many potential career paths as I can to see if anything else excites me! What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? Relief! Why did you say yes to SIPA? Columbia offers outstanding support to veterans, a diverse student population, professors I have read professionally, and brings me close to home after spending eight years away. I couldn’t think of any reason to attend any other program if accepted to SIPA. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? Being challenged by the coursework and diverse perspectives of the students and faculty. I also hope to bring some unique insight to military operations. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? I hope that I’m able to contribute as fully as the other exceptionally well qualified students and experienced professors. [Photo courtesy of Nick Reinhold.] Nick and his wife, Mina. What are your goals after SIPA? I would love to live and work in Tokyo to be near my wife’s family and have the freedom to travel and continue seeing the world while doing a fulfilling job. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Everybody in the US should have the opportunity to be a public servant for at least two years and receive a GI Bill like benefit to attend a public university or learn a technical trade. The military offers young men and women the opportunity to learn lifelong skills, build great relationships, and learn some life lessons before continuing their journeys. Everybody should have that opportunity to serve their local community or travel to a new community, to serve with a police force, public health, public schools, fire department, or with some other service that excites them. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I grew up in an Air Force family and ended up graduating high school at an Air Force base near Tokyo. Ten years later I ended up stationed at the same base despite requesting a completely different location and duties. My twin brother soon joined me after completing a Master’s degree in Eastern European Studies at Indiana University. Luckily, the military’s inane bureaucracy worked out for both of us despite having pursued different paths! If youd like to participate in the series, please email us at sipa_new@columbia.edu  to share your personal admissions story,  what your summer vacation will entail/did entail, or anything else you think your peers would enjoy reading about! You may submit a blog post of your choosing, or submit the  New Student Survey with pre-populated questions to get you started. And don’t forget  to submit  a photo or two to help us visualize your story!

The Business Rivalry Of The Cinema Industry - 921 Words

Industry dynamics and changes in the society have threatened the existence of cinema. Theatre was among the ideal places that people visited during leisure time. During those times, investors in the theatre sector made profitable returns out of their investments. The cinema sector was protected because a movie was first premiered in a theatre before people could watch it in electronic media platforms in their houses. However, recent changes in the society have made it possible for individuals to access even new movies without visiting theatre halls. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to carry out an industry analysis and find out how the economics of liberalization and changes in technology have made the cinema industry to experience challenges in sustaining this unrivalled competition from home viewing platforms such as DVD and online content providers. Industry Analysis The issues that face the cinema industry are related to macro environmental factors in the market. Therefore, in this analysis, the PEST tool of market evaluation will be essential in unravelling the business rivalry that the theatre industry is facing. Under PEST tool of assessment, the P stands for environmental factors that affect competition in a certain industry. Political stakeholders are significant in enacting laws that could regulate competition in the industry. In the movie theatre industry, there is the ‘theatrical window’ concern. The theatrical window is that period that a movie takesShow MoreRelatedBook Publishing in 2010 Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesSummary This paper is about Book publishing industry in the USA. Main analysis are done using Porter’s five forces analysis. First analysis is on industry before e-books while indentifying main levels of threats for industry from existing rivalry, new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and substitutions. Also, same research is being conducted for industry after e-books emerged. Next part is looking to the future of industry and identifying main opportunities and threatsRead MoreBook Publishing in 2010 Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesSummary This paper is about Book publishing industry in the USA. Main analysis are done using Porter’s five forces analysis. First analysis is on industry before e-books while indentifying main levels of threats for industry from existing rivalry, new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and substitutions. Also, same research is being conducted for industry after ebooks emerged. Next part is looking to the future of industry and identifying main opportunities and threatsRead MoreStrategic Planning Is A Dynamic Procedure Of Taking A Gander At Your Present Circumstance And Plotting Your Best Course1529 Words   |  7 Pagesdepartment are required for step by step implementation of strategies. Ans.2 The setup of the five forces contrasts by industry. 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With the core demographic group expected to grow slower than the US population and with technological advances growing at speeds faster than the industry can keep up, ticket sales will continue to decline if the current business strategy continuesRead MoreBroadway Cafe: Business Analysis795 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿BROADWAY CAFÉ Introduction Before the opening of the Broadway Cafà ©, and during the first months of operation, it is essential to know ones own business. Word of mouth is certainly a powerful weapon of promotion, but also a well-organized campaign can bear fruit. For example, one can rely on the specialized agencies for the distribution of brochures, business cards, brochures, leaflets intrigued by the potential customers effectively communicating information to the Broadway Cafà ©, and especially it

Movie Analysis Superman - 2168 Words

Memories are hard. There was a time when you made her smile and your world lit up and you knew you loved her. A time when you’d leave for a trip and couldn’t contact her, but every time you came back you’d find all the messages she left to tell you about what you were missing in her day and to remind you that she loved you. A time when you’d both stay in and watch Netflix and there was that first time she fell asleep on you and you couldn’t help but watch her, cozy and innocent and happy. And then there was the time when you moved 1,007 miles away. She told you she’d wait for you, but she didn’t. You can still remember her ragged breaths as she said she didn’t want you to go and the smell of her hair and how it felt when she kissed you and everything reminds you of her and how you used to be. In his song, â€Å"Superman,† Eminem tells us the proper way to deal with difficult breakups: rather than dwelling on the past, he takes a Hakuna Matata standpoint and decides that it doesn’t matter anymore. Every relationship he entered fell through. The lyrics, â€Å"Don’t put out / I ll put you out. / Won’t get out / I ll push you out,† suggest that the problem wasn’t him: they were refusing to do what he wanted and he has the right to push them out the door if his basic needs aren’t fulfilled. Why should he put up with her if she’s only going to refuse to give him what he needs? She’s a hobby to him, not a profession. As he puts it, â€Å"But I do know one thing though: / bitches, they come theyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting For Superman 1186 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Waiting for Superman† looks at a problem plaguing American schools all over the country today. This film makes it clear this problem hits hardest in the poorest communities of the country, he does make it clear though that it can happen in rich communities and suburbs.. The filmmakers attack all political parties and belief systems. The mov ie looks at many things , the funding of schools, how supplies are distributed to schools, how teachers are picked and monitored, teachers unions, differentRead MoreMovie Analysis : Waiting For Superman 1271 Words   |  6 Pagesgives you lemons, make lemonade: a clichà © that seems to be used oftentimes and never fails to humor some truth in it. In the television show, The Simpsons, episode: â€Å"How the Test Was Won,† directed by Lance Kramer and the documentary, Waiting for Superman, directed by Davis Guggenheim, indicates the depleted issue in our education system. Both texts argue the decline of our nation’s literacy and school merit that comes with. 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The film is set up to follow different stories to explain how the school system works and the different ways that each school district functions. In detail, it unravels the struggle of the American school system and how the roles of charter schools has increased. It shows the five different charter schools that each child wantsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting For Superman 1952 Words   |  8 PagesDanny kinder-key Waiting for Superman 2010 Mr. Davis Guggenheim—an American film director and producer wrote and directed Waiting for â€Å"Superman†, a documentary that deals with the American education system. Guggenheim argues that they are failing more each year in producing successful students. He finds where the faults are within the public educational system. He takes the time to show us some of the faces to those numbers to make his pubic realize they areRead MoreMovie Analysis : Waiting For Superman2121 Words   |  9 PagesAfter watching both â€Å"Waiting for Superman† at home and â€Å"Race to Nowhere† in class, a lot of conclusions can be made from both incredibly made documentaries. Both films offered their audience the opportunity to be informed about the problems and issues in contemporary American education, both clearly with two completely different points of view. â€Å"Waiting for Superman† and â€Å"Race to Nowhere† were both created in 2010, and here and no w in 2015, major issues in the United States surrounding educationRead MoreMovie Analysis : Superman, Batman, And Iron Man1495 Words   |  6 PagesMovies now a days such as the Avengers, Suicide Squad, and Captain America, value teamwork. 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The Billingual Instructors for Bilingual Educations Free Essays

The amount of non-English-speaking minorities in the United States is continuously increasing. Be that as it may, there are people in today†s society that feel that English should be the only language spoken. It is for that reason bilingual education may be eliminated from many public schools. We will write a custom essay sample on The Billingual Instructors for Bilingual Educations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Low academic outcomes from students also contribute to possible abolition of bilingual education. If schools don†t obtain better methods to ease the transition from one language to another, bilingual education will be faulty and seen as useless. In turn, many students will be denied the chance for an equal education. American students have learned the language easily because it has been incorporated into everyday events from an extremely early age. An adolescent has had at least 5 years to learn English vocabulary, and continues learning through high school. Many bilingual programs have students on slower learning tracks where they barley learn English and from which they may never emerge. However, society wants bilingual students to learn English and learn it quickly. By eliminating bilingual education, society is telling the student to learn English, but not giving him a place to learn it. The student is not given an adequate chance, which results in bilingual persons having poor reading, writing and speaking skills. Bilingual students can keep up academically with their English-speaking peers if they are taught at least partly in their native languages while learning English. There are many ways that bilingual education can be improved. By hiring bilingual teachers that communicate clearly when giving directions and accurately describing tasks will help ease the transition from a native language to English. If new information was introduced by using strategies such as thoroughly explaining, outlining, and demonstrating, comprehension of instructional tasks may be maintained. Promoting student involvement, communicating expectations of students’, and explaining success in completing instructional tasks would give students motivation so they feel at ease. A new language is difficult; approaching bilingual students with methods such as these could improve their learning. An effective way to have positive student outcome is to value and respect students’ languages and cultures. This value and respect needs to go further than the food and holiday celebrations that may be the only recognition of cultures in many schools. Teachers should involve themselves by learning about students’ experiences in native countries and communities in the United States, while encouraging and supporting the development of the English language. These actions and attitudes show a student she is valued and respected; this, in turn, supports a more comfortable atmosphere for her. Furthermore, it builds self-esteem and improves academic achievement by incorporating the students’ cultures into classroom instruction. Building lessons from things in students’ experience and backgrounds promote more active engagement and increased learning. The will always be a need for bilingual education. There are many ways in which schools, teachers, parents as well as the student herself can improve. Answers to all of the questions posed by bilingual educators may not be available, but ideas about features of effective bilingual schooling are available. People involved in schooling need to work together to set realistic goals and strategies to promote success of bilingual education. How to cite The Billingual Instructors for Bilingual Educations, Papers

SPG By Laws free essay sample

Sec. 1 This Constitution and By-Laws shall be known as the Constitution of the Supreme Pupil Government of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School. Sec. 2 For purposes of this Constitution and By-Laws, SPG refers to the Supreme Pupil Government of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School. Article II – Name and Domicile Sec. 1 The name of the organization shall be known as the Supreme Pupil Government. Sec. 2 The office of the SPG shall be located inside the premises of the school. Article III – Declaration of Principles and Objectives Sec. 1 The SPG of Rabat-Rocamora Mati Central Special Education School shall promote mutual understanding through social, civic, intellectual, recreational, and scientific programs and activities. Sec. 2 The SPG shall have the following objectives: a. Develop love of God and country, moral character, personal discipline, leadership and efficiency among its members. b. Train members for effective and efficient leadership. c. Help the students develop self-confidence. d. Promote unity among leaders and the student body. We will write a custom essay sample on SPG By Laws or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. Maintain school aspirations to promote quality education and academic excellence. f. Serve and protect students’ rights and welfare. g. Represent the studentry in the policy making body of the school concerning students’ welfare. Article IV – Membership Sec. 1 All bonafide students of the school are members of the studentry to whom the SPG shall be accountable at all times. Article V – Rights of Students Sec. 1 Every student has the right to enjoy responsible freedom of speech and expression. Sec. 2 Every student has the right to avail of all the services offered by the SPG. Sec. 3 Every student has the right to conduct and participate in all school activities. Sec. 4 Every student has the right to information on all the issues and matters concerning them. Sec. 5 Every student has the right to vote, to be nominated and be elected into office. Sec. 6 Every student has the right to be represented in the different meetings and assemblies of the school on issues affecting the welfare of the studentry. Sec. 7 Every student has the right to due process. Article VI – Duties and Obligations of Students Sec. 1 Every student has the responsibility to observe the laws of the Republic of the Philippines, and the rules and regulations of the School at all times. Sec. 2 Every student must pay on time all SPG fees as approved by the DepEd issuances or by the Parents-Teachers and Community Association in an appropriate resolution. Sec. 3 Every student must support and promote the thrusts and objectives of the SPG and the school. Sec. 4 Every student must abide by the SPG constitution and by-laws. Sec. 5 Every student must participate actively in all school activities and strive for academic excellence. Sec. 6 Every student must exercise his/her rights and to do his/her responsibilities as an SPG member. Article VII – Powers and Duties of the Supreme Pupil Government Sec. 1 The Supreme Pupil Government shall be the highest governing body of the entire studentry. Sec. 2 The SPG shall have the following functions and responsibilities: a. Formulate and recommend programs that will address relevant issues/concerns of the studentry. b. Plan, formulate and implement policies and programs designed to protect and promote students’ rights and welfare; c. Monitor and evaluate the students’ activities in the school and in the community. d. Create committees or organizations necessary to address the needs of the students; e. Make recommendations to school authorities regarding student matters, affairs and activities; f. Serve as the representative of the studentry in voicing their opinions, suggestions and grievances; g. Participate in the crafting/formulation of the School Improvement Plans (SIP’s); h. Act as Coordinating Council of all campus co-curricular organizations; i. Have such other powers and duties as the school authorities and the studentry may, from time to time, grant or delegate, consistent with stated principles, objectives and school policies; j. Spearhead anti-drug abuse, anti-smoking, Brigada Eskwela, Reading and Tutorial Services for Challenged Learners, and environmental programs in the school; k. Monitor and supervise the elections of Student Government Officers for the succeeding school year; and, l. Turn-over the financial assets, papers, documents, properties and other responsibilities to the incoming Student Government Officers. m. Submit financial and accomplishment reports to the school authorities on a monthly basis. Terminal reports must be submitted to the school authorities and the incoming SPG officers during the turn-over of responsibilities. Article VIII – Composition, Election and Term of Office of the SPG Sec. 1 The officers of the SPG are the duty elected Mayor, Vice-Mayor, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, Public Information Officer, Peace Officer and Grade Level Councilors. Sec. 2 The Grade Level Councilor/s shall be elected depending on the number of enrollees in the school pursuant to DepEd Order No. 45, s. 2007. Sec. 3 The Grade Level Representative who shall get the highest number of votes among the elected Grade Level Representatives in their respective year level shall serve as the Grade Level Chairperson of the grade level concerned. Sec. 4 All SPG elections shall be conducted school wide every third and/or fourth week of February annually. Sec. 5 Elections for the Grade Level Councilor/s shall be conducted every 1st week of July annually. Sec. 6 Campaign period shall not be more than five (5) school days prior to the SPG elections. Sec. 7 Candidates for all SPG elective positions must be: a. Bonafide Students; b. Of good academic standing with a general average of 85 and above without any failing grade during the 3rd grading period of the current school year; c. Of good moral character and have not been subject to any disciplinary sanction; d. Resident of the school for at least one (1) academic year prior to the filing of the Certificate of Candidacy; e. Considered resigned and ineligible from all elective or designated positions from clubs and organizations once elected. Sec. 8 The officers of the SPG shall hold office from one academic year. Article IX – Duties and Functions of Officers Sec. 1 The Mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the SPG. He/She shall have the following duties: a. Preside over all meetings and/or may designate another officer to preside for a specific meeting; b. Enforce this Constitution, By-Laws and other regulations that may be promulgated; c. Sign all official minutes, resolutions, correspondences, and other official papers of the SPG; d. Represent the SPG in the School Governing Council and any official external or internal affairs/functions; e. Head the Coordinating Council of the Campus Co-Curricular Organizations; f. Implement SPG programs and projects; g. Create Ad Hoc Committees or Organizations, as the need arises, the Chairperson of which shall be appointed by the SPG Mayor; and, h. Perform such other functions inherent and incidental to his/her office. Sec. 2 The Vice-Mayor shall have the following duties: a. Assist the Mayor in all matters where his/her assistance is necessary; b. Assume the Office of the Mayor should the position become vacant; c. Supervise members in planning and arranging meetings or programs of activities; d. Head the Internal Affairs Committee and conceptualize programs and projects and plan activities with the Grade Level Councilor/s; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 3 The Secretary shall have the following duties: a. Keep accurate records of the minutes and document proceedings of every meeting; b. Keep a file of all pertinent documents and papers of the SPG and make them accessible to the studentry; c. Call and prepare all notices of SPG meetings; d. Head of Student Government Secretariat; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 4 The Treasurer shall have the following duties: a. Keep financial records of the SPG; b. Serve as the disbursing officer of all the SPG’s funds; c. Prepare the annual budget of the SPG; d. Prepare financial reports every month, after an activity, and at the end of term; e. Formulate pertinent financial guidelines for the organization f. Head the Finance Committee; and, g. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 5 The Auditor shall have the following duties: a. Certify the legitimacy and correctness of the disbursement of funds; b. Audit all expenditures of the SPG funds; c. Assist the Treasurer in formulating guidelines and reports; d. Keep and update inventory of all the SPG’s property; e. Act as the assistant head of the Finance Committee; and, f. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 6 The Public Information Officer shall have the following duties: a. Popularize the thrusts and objectives of the SPG; b. Build and maintain a credible image of the SPG; c. Take charge in the promotion of SPG projects and activities; d. Head the Publicity Committee; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 7 The Peace Officer shall have the following duties: a. Help the presiding officer to maintain peace and order during meetings; b. Act as disciplinary officer, if needed; c. Maintain peace and order within the premises of the school; d. Act as chief peace officer and over all Sergeant-at-Arms of subordinate organization and classes; e. Chair the Students’ Welfare Committee and appoint its members; and, f. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Sec. 8 The Grade Level Councilor/s shall have the following duties: a. Represent his/her grade level in all of the meetings of the SPG; b. Serve as the grievance desk for their respective grade level; c. Conceptualize and implement programs and projects for their respective grade level; d. Assist in the effective implementation of the SPG’s programs and projects; and, e. Perform such other duties assigned by the SPG. Article X – Committees and Organizations in the Supreme Pupil Government Sec. 1 The SPG shall have the power to create committees and organizations necessary to address the needs and welfare of the students. These committees and organizations shall help the SPG achieved and performed the objectives, duties and obligations of the SPG. Members of each committee in the SPG shall be appointed by the Mayor from among the officers of the homeroom organization upon the recommendation of the Chairperson of the committee. Members of each organization shall be open to all bona fide students. Sec. 2 Committees and organizations, permanent or ad hoc and in nature, may be created by the SPG as the need arises. Article XI – Homeroom Class Organizations Sec. 1 There shall be a homeroom class organization in every section composed of officers parallel to the organizational structure of the SPG. Sec. 2 The homeroom class organization shall be responsible in implementing programs and projects of each class. Sec. 3 The homeroom class organization shall assist the SPG in implementing its programs and projects. Sec. 4 The homeroom class organization shall be guided by the designated class adviser who must be part of the teaching staff of the school. Article XII – Coordinating Council of Campus Co-Curricular Organizations Sec. 1 The Coordinating Council shall be headed by the Mayor of the Supreme Pupil Government as the Chairperson. Sec. 2 The Coordinating Council shall be composed of the different Presidents, Heads or Leaders of all recognize legitimate campus co-curricular organizations. Sec. 3 The Coordinating Council shall have the following functions: a. Coordinate school-wide activities, which need the participation and involvement of the whole studentry. b. Provide a consultative mechanism and support for the implementation of the various programs and projects of all co-curricular organization. c. Plan programs and synchronize student activities in the campus. d. Serve as a venue to present accomplishment report, financial reports and such other reports of the SPG and other organization as are necessary or required. e. Serve as a venue for budget deliberations and appropriations from the School Organization Fee, provided fifty percent (50%) of which shall be for the SPG and the remaining fifty percent (50%) for all recognized school co-curricular organizations and activities. Sec. 4 The Coordinating Council shall meet once a month or upon notice of the Chairperson or upon the request of any of its members or as often as the council may deem necessary. Sec. 5 The School-Principal/Head shall serve as the Adviser of the Coordinating Council. As such, all resolutions and agreements arrived at by the Coordinating Council shall be the noted by the School-Principal. Article XIII – Supreme Pupil Government Adviser Sec. 1 The SPG Adviser shall preferably be the teacher in MAKABAYAN or any competent, able and willing teacher designated by the School-Principal. Sec. 2 The SPG Adviser shall monitor all programs, projects, activities and meetings of the SPG at all times. Sec. 3 The Advisorship in the SPG shall be equivalent to one teaching load (DepEd Order No. 43, s. 2002). Article XIV – The General Assembly Sec. 1 The General Assembly of the SPG shall be composed of all elected Homeroom Class Organization Mayor of the school. Sec. 2 The General Assembly shall be a forum for information and consultations, which decisions shall be significantly considered. Sec. 3 The General Assembly shall be convened by the Mayor once every two months starting in the month of July and as the need arises. Article XV – Meetings and Quorum Sec. 1 The SPG shall conduct regular meetings every first week of the month or as agreed upon by the officers of the SPG. Sec. 2 Special meetings of the SPG may be called upon by the Mayor or by a majority of the SPG officers. Sec. 3 Majority of the officers of the SPG (50% + 1) shall constitute a quorum. Sec. 4 Each officers of the SPG is entitled to only one vote. Sec. 5 No proxy shall be allowed when voting. Article XVI – Finance Sec. 1 The SPG’s funds shall be classified into Trust funds and Special funds. Trust funds shall consist of the School Organization Fee, the amount of which shall be recommended by the SPG in consultation and with the approval of the PTA but in no case shall it exceed the limit set by the Department of Education in all appropriate official issuance, and the Special funds are funds that come from the donations, sponsorship, fund raising project or any amount derived from legitimate sources. Sec. 2 The SPG shall enjoy the freedom to determine its priorities in the disbursement of its share in the Student Organization Fee. Sec. 3 The SSG may under take the fund raising activities to subsidize its project and activities. Sec. 4 The organization can accept cash donations from any member or any public or private person or institution, for as long as it will not affect the integrity of the SPG. Sec. 5 The SPG mayor and the treasurer shall be the signatory of all funs disbursement of the SPG. All fund disbursement must be accompanied with an SPG resolutions duly note by the SPG adviser and all expenses supported by official receipts. The School-Principal/Head shall be provided a copy of all resolution relative to the disbursement made. Sec. 6 The SPG, through the Treasurer and Auditor, shall promulgate financial guidelines for proper financial management. Sec. 7 Funds of the SPG shall be audited at the end of the term, or at the end of every activity. Sec. 8 Financial statements shall be posted in the SPG Bulletin Board every month and printed in every issue of the school paper. Article XVII – Impeachment, Resignation and Vacancies Sec. 1 The officers of the SPG may be impeached on the following grounds: a. Culpable violations of the Constitution and By-Laws; b. Gross misconduct, violence to person in authority, negligence, and disloyalty to the cause of the SPG and the school; c. Non-attendance in regular meeting for six (6) consecutive time; and, d. Abuse or misuse of power and authority. Sec. 2 Two-third (? ) vote of the General Assembly shall be necessary to decide after hearing a case of impeachment. Sec. 3 The decision of the General Assembly shall be final. However, the officer charged shall be informed twenty (20) days prior to his/her impeachment case proceedings, of the charge/charges and against him/her, to afford him/her the opportunity to heard with or without a counsel in his/her defense. Sec. 4 Resignation shall be in writing and subject to the approval of the SPG officers. Sec. 5 Any vacancy in any of the position for the reason of death, resignation, impeachment, shall be filled, subject to the recommendation of the SPG. Sec. 6 Any vacancy in the SPG, except the position of the Mayor, shall be filled within thirty (30) days from the day the position is rendered or considered vacant, by appointment of the Mayor from among the officers of the SPG. Immediately upon the appointment, the officer appointed shall serve the remaining period. Sec. 7 The SPG adviser shall certify the vacancy and fact of appointment of the officer to the vacant positio

John Rawls Philosophy of Liberalism Strengths and Weaknesses

Introduction John Rawls have developed a comprehensive theory that can be useful in addressing contemporary issues. One of the major advantages of his theory is that it contains major principles that can be applicable nowadays.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Rawls’ Philosophy of Liberalism: Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rawls’ philosophy can be used when addressing the contemporary issues associated with unequal distribution of resources. It is also necessary to note that Rawls’ philosophy of liberalism is based on principles of justice, but there are still certain weaknesses in the theory. Strengths of Rawls’ Philosophy As has been mentioned above the philosophy can have specific implications in the contemporary society. The major strength of the philosophy is that it provides people with a specific tool to avoid any bias. The â€Å"veil of ignorance † is an effective way to develop certain principles to govern a society (Shaw Barry, 2012). Thus, people will never create an authoritarian society as the odds to be in the unfavorable position are too high. Thanks to the veil of ignorance, people will try to create the society where the less well-to-do people will have all possible rights. Apart from rights, these groups of people will have numerous opportunities, which will secure realization of potential of the most active and gifted people.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Admittedly, the present philosophy can become a good solution to the existing issues associated with unequal distribution of resources. Now less well-to-do people have few opportunities compared to more well-to-do groups. Notably, this is one of the major issues associated with unequal distribution of resources which leads to gradual degradation as only r estricted number of innovation occurs. Rawls’ philosophy addresses the problem of the lack of opportunities. Another strength of the philosophy is that it does not ignore inequality which is a characteristic feature of the human society. On the contrary, Rawls justifies it and even proves that inequality is one of the factors contributing to development of the human society. Rawls develops a model of society where the least well-to-do groups will have more resources, rights and opportunities than those in an imaginary society where all are equal. Therefore, there is no need in trying to diminish inequality, which is simply impossible. According to Rawls’ philosophy, people can focus on creating a society where inequality is a tool of development. The Major Weakness of Rawls’ Philosophy As has been mentioned above, there is certain weakness in the philosophy. Thus, there are quite few tools to maintain the new order. According to Rawls’s philosophy, equali ty is impossible as people are ‘victims’ of a â€Å"genetic lottery† (Shaw Barry, 2012, p. 126). Some people will inevitably accumulate more resources and there is no guarantee that these people will remain following the principles worked out. More well-to-do-people can deprive less well-to-do people of their rights and, more importantly, opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on John Rawls’ Philosophy of Liberalism: Strengths and Weaknesses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion It is possible to note that Rawls’ philosophy can be applicable in the contemporary world as it addresses major issues associated with unequal distribution of resources. Justification of inequality can be regarded as one of the major strengths of the philosophy. At the same time, the absence of tools to maintain the created society is one of its major weaknesses. Of course, the philosophy has strengths and weaknesses, but it is important to note that it is a valuable source of knowledge that can be used to address major issues associated with unequal distribution of resources in the contemporary world, which leads to certain degradation of the human society. Reference List Shaw, W.H. Barry, V. (2012). Moral issues in business. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. This essay on John Rawls’ Philosophy of Liberalism: Strengths and Weaknesses was written and submitted by user Helen Lamb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chemistry Study Tips

Chemistry Study Tips Studying chemistry can be stressful and feel overwhelming. There is no magic formula for learning chemistry, but you can develop an effective strategy for success. Whether youre in middle school, high school or college, these simple steps will get you on the right track. Basically it involves not getting behind, doing your own work, and not psyching yourself out: Dont procrastinate!Cramming does not equal learning. If you wait until the night before a test to start studying you will suffer, your grades will suffer, etc. Chemistry problems take time to work. Chemistry concepts take time to master.Dont ProcrastinateIts worth repeating! In chemistry you build from one concept onto the next. You need a solid knowledge base to progress.Try Flash CardsHey, they are used in elementary and primary school because FLASHCARDS WORK. Some of the information gets learned while making the cards and the rest can be learned during practice. You get to switch around the order in which you view topics, which is something most notebooks dont provide. Get some index cards and give it a try!Try a HighlighterUse it judiciously. The goal is not to turn your book or notes fluorescent. Most texts already have important concepts in bold typeface. Unless your teacher is very unusual, he or she will almost always mention likely test questions, answers, and concepts. High light them! Some teachers take questions from a test bank, but those who write their own are usually keeping a mental tally of concepts while teaching. Use MnemonicsWhat you are doing here is taking the first letters of words in a sequence you are trying to memorize and making a phrase from them to serve as a memory aid. Example: the sequence of the first few elements in the periodic table H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne could be (well, the one that came to my mind was actually dirty, which is easier to remember) Hi Henry, Lookin Big, Bad, Certainly Nasty, Old Friend - Not! Ok, it isnt great literature. One popular mnemonic device is for metric prefixes: Kilo- Hecto- Deca- Meter (liter, gram) deci- centi- milli- Kangaroos Hopping Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk. Also, such phrases are even easier to memorize if you put them to music.  Work the ProblemsYou work through the example problem in the book or in class just fine. Great! That doesnt mean you understand how to apply the formulas when the conditions or wording changes. Its vital to work problems. I know it seems like a good idea to divide problem sets with classmates or to put down answers from the back of the book when youre short on time, but you truly need to work those problems to practice the skills you need for tests and beyond. Know Your TextDo you have a glossary? Answers to problems in the back? Self-quizzes? Appendices full of useful information? Find that out sooner rather than later. Learn your way around your text. Use the glossary. You cant communicate about a subject without learning the terminology.

Management of the Natural Resources by the Government of Botswana Dissertation

Management of the Natural Resources by the Government of Botswana - Dissertation Example This research will begin with the statement that despite initial success, that took place just when the post-colonial era started in African continent during the 1960’s and 1970’s, in the modern context, Africa is on an on economic downslope where poverty and hunger is persistently increasing in many of its States, with a universally accepted pessimism regarding its future economic prospects Various reports show that the general Sub-Saharan countries are turning poorer at a faster rate, than any low-income country worldwide. The average economic growth rate has been persistently in the negative from round 1965, with an average 35-times difference in the US and the African per-capita income level. However, amidst this depressing picture of low economic growth one African country has performed better than any other nation in the world, in the span of the last 35 years, which is Botswana. Botswana â€Å"had a PPP-adjusted income per capita of $5,796 in 1998, almost four t imes the African average, and between 1965 and 1998, it grew at an annual rate of 7.7 percent†. In 2002, we find that Botswana â€Å"exported some US$ 2 billion of diamonds, nickel, copper, gold, and other resources—over 80 percent of its total exports†. The presence of diamonds had significantly backed Botswana’s strong economic growth, until the late 1990s, after which the average growth rate has fallen slightly owing to the recent diversification of the economy, where we find Botswana is now not dependent purely on the revenues that are earned from its natural resources.It is a general belief that economies that are wholly dependent on natural resources, tend to have a slow economic growth, which is often referred to as the â€Å"resource curse.† Botswana, however, did not have a favorable start right after its independence and was considered a poor country with little chances of elevation in their economic conditions. It is here that diamonds ha ve played an important role and currently account for almost 40 % of the country's natural resource output. Even though we find that Botswana had in the past experienced strong growth owing to its rich natural resources, however such growth, as predicted by many economists, is not sustainable on a long-term basis. This is owing to the fact that the mining industry does not offer too many job opportunities. Figures show that in Botswana while the mining sector contributed almost 40 % to the total national GDP, it created only around 4 % employment opportunities. The present economic diversification has already started showing a negative impact on the national economy, and it is as Iimi framed it â€Å"specific and intensified capital investment in the primary sector has restrained Botswana from benefiting from forward and backward linkages and labor market externalities†. Besides this factor, it has been contended by many experts that geographical location where a country is f ar from the sea, makes it difficult to create the strong economy that is based only on the abundant natural resources. Products from the natural resources are generally exported to other countries by the sea route, thus leading to very high shipping charges. A look at the African resource-rich countries will show us many of them are landlocked, including Botswana. Almost all experts universally acknowledge the fact that Botswana achieved this unprecedented economic growth and development by adopting effective management policies, and with a stable basic legal system that functioned reasonably well.â€Å"

Place Branding Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Place Branding - Research Proposal Example As a consumer, one gets to come across several brand names as part of our daily lives. Names such as Microsoft, Coca-cola, Mercedes, and Harvard have all become ingrained in our minds as popular entities in their respective domains. Much of the effort driven towards popularizing these brand names have been successful largely through strategically conceived efforts, which also symbolizes the leadership positions that these brand names occupy at a global level. In the modern day, governments across the world have begun to look at branding and its associated marketing techniques as a means to market and sell their geographical regions to the rest of the world whereby the emphasis is concentrated on enhancing the international profile with an intent to attract more investment from foreign players and make such regions popular as economic powerhouses for commerce, trade, and tourism (Malcolm Allan, 2005). In a similar way, the government of the Republic of Nigeria is in the process of initiating several campaigns that aim to popularize the country and its image to people and companies across the world. part of this effort has been due to the rising awareness amongst a few African nations such as South Africa and Uganda to market themselves across the world (Eugene Jaffe, 2006). In accordance with this policy, the Nigerian government, through its ministry of Information and National Orientation has launched programmes such as the ‘The Heart of Africa’ project, which is based on the concept of Place Branding. The proposed research study will attempt to study the various initiatives undertaken by the Nigerian government along the lines of ‘Place Branding’ and will work towards studying them in the form of a case study. The above discussion clearly divides branding into two classes namely product branding and place branding.  In comparison to the former, the latter is still a burgeoning discipline and most of the literature that describes place branding is still in a loosely embedded format.  

Transferable Personal Skills Development

Transferable Personal Skills Development Introduction: A better definition of transferable skills would include a wide range of different skills that are not only useful for a wide range of jobs, but will also equip students for a productive career as a research scientist. Critically evaluating data; being able to write clearly and effectively in a range of styles; communicating via formal presentations or the media; networking and managing your time effectively are skills that are useful in many different jobs. Building a core competency in these areas will also certainly make you a better scientist. It is also important to recognise that your role as a researcher will change dramatically as you progress from student, to research assistant and beyond. In this respect learning about the process of getting published; how to write grants that will get funded and how to manage finances and lead teams of scientist are all indispensable in smoothing the transition to become a Principal Investigator or PI. Although these might not seem to be the most transferable of skills, the everyday activities of a PI are so radically different from a student who works at the lab bench that it is effectively a completely different job. Communication Application of Number Information Technology Working with Others Improving Own Learning and Performance Problem Solving Time-management Research Public speaking Literature view: The Government is content for the Authority to mount a small scale pilot of different means of independently assessing these Key Skills. However, I remain sceptical about the feasibility of such independent assessment, and would see such work as having a lower order of priority than either the work on the first three Key Skills or on developing the wider Skills through Progress File. The transferable skills that employers identify tend to be those that support organisational performance. They may be identified as follows: Interpersonal skills Communication skills Self-management skills Intellectual skills It is easy to identify occupationally relevant skills acquired through training and education but much more difficult to pinpoint transferable skills. We are social animals and need the input from and interaction with others to function effectively as individuals. One of the most significant ways in which communication can influence individual behaviour is through its ability to change individual perceptions and perceptual bias. Transferable skills are important skills which individuals should possess, not only for the purpose of academic programmes of study, but also for that of operating effectively within ones job role in the workplace. Transferable skills can be seen to be that which are somewhat fundamental skills which benefit individuals with the task at hand. A good example of this is the ability to work well in a team- this is something which is important both when studying and having a job. Case study: PDP is a process of reflecting and recording my experiences to help me to make the most of my time at Guildhall. It provides a range of specific, targeted techniques that I can use to: gain new perspectives on my studies, career and life in general monitor and record my talents and achievements identify goals and plan my term-time study workload and/or my future career help me present my skills and accomplishments to prospective employers. The outcomes of PDP should be: greater understanding of how much progress Ive made in all areas of my course better understanding of my strengths and weaknesses by both me and my Tutor clearer understanding of what I need to do next agreement on setting goals and targets an action plan that summarizes all this. My academic studies, whilst being the primary part of my experience at Guildhall, are not the whole package. Some of the most significant changes Ill encounter will be in the area of personal development. My horizons geographical, cultural and intellectual will be broadened by the experience of studying in Guildhalls international environment, and by the extra-curricular activities and opportunities you choose to pursue. If this is my first time away from home, living and studying in Guildhall will encourage me to be more independent, self-confident, and resourceful, better at managing my time and your money, and better at working with others. In a word, more mature. If I are a mature student, I am already likely to have some experience of skills mapping, reflective practice, learning styles, career planning, CV and interview technique. The decision to return to education may have been step one of my career plan. It is still of benefit to reassess your goals from time to time. Very simply, acquiring basic competency across a range of transferable skills will make me better equipped for any career you chose to follow. Unless you are naturally gifted at everything you do, everyone can benefit from some well structured and focussed training courses. Its also clear that gaining a range of transferable skills is important in finding your next job. Several surveys of employers have found that although PhD graduates were technically proficient, highly motivated, and resourceful, they needed additional training on soft skills such as working in a team, communication, and career planning. Learning Outcome: If I say something about myself two years before I have come to London for studying with the different people in a different environment. At the begging time I had less able to communicate with the other countries people and another thing is that education system is different. Day by day I am trying to develop my communication skill. Besides, I am working a part time job in the Burger king which is most popular fast food shop in the Europe. I started there as a sales assistant. I have to communicate with the various kinds of customers. I have to manage so many situations. After few months later I become a Supervisor. I have to manage all my staff, ordering the delivery, receiving the delivery, managing the worst situation. So I can say communication skill and time managing those are the two most affect full transferable skill I have achieved to get the success. Always I try to attend in my class in time and my work place. That is why I can get the entire lesson in the class and I got the reputation in my work place because of time maintaining. I never be defocus depending on time management. Another thing is that for my well communication skill I can discuss about my study with teachers and my class mates as well as I can manage my all the staffs and the customers in the shop. Conclusion: In addition to these good reasons for spending some time acquiring transferable skills, I will also find that they are an important topic at the Institute. Indeed, I will hear your supervisor and the Education Support team mention transferable skills regularly. This is because there is now a requirement for students to spend ten days per year on transferable skills training and without doing this we cant complete our PhD.

Noél - French Essay :: French Essay

Noà ©l - French Essay NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens mais beaucoup des personnes tout la monde aussi cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l. Je suis Hindu mais j'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est une fÃÆ' ªte qui est agrÃÆ' ©able. J'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re, mon pÃÆ' ¨re et mon petit sÃ…â€Å"ur cette annÃÆ' ©e. NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens parce que c'est l'anniversaire du JÃÆ' ©sus Christ. Cette annÃÆ' ©e, pendent la saison de NoÃÆ' «l, j'ai achetÃÆ' © un calendrier d'advient. Je compte les jours le NoÃÆ' «l avec le calendrier d'advient. J'achÃÆ' ¨te beaucoup de cardes de NoÃÆ' «l et cadeaux pour mes amis et ma famille. Nous mettons le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l dans le dÃÆ' ©cembre cette annÃÆ' ©e. On a un sapin qui est sept pieds longs et je dÃÆ' ©core le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l avec des lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Je dÃÆ' ©core ma maison aussi avec les multicolores lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Sous le sapin je mets les cadeaux que je reÃÆ' §ois de mes amis et les cadeaux que je donnerai pour ma famille. Je prends les cartes que je reÃÆ' §ois dans ma maison. Moi, je suis hindu et je ne vais pas ÃÆ'   l'ÃÆ' ©glise. Normalement le jour de NoÃÆ' «l, je me rÃÆ' ©veille trÃÆ' ¨s tÃÆ' ´t vers sept heures et demie. J'ai descendu pour la cuisine aller au salon et j'ai ouvre mes cadeaux que j'ai reÃÆ' §u devant le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l. Plus tard, aprÃÆ' ¨s mon petit dÃÆ' ©jeuner, je prÃÆ' ©pare la nourriture dans la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. D'habitude, je suis restÃÆ' © ÃÆ'   la maison et fait la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. Pour les grands repas, ma mÃÆ' ¨re prÃÆ' ©pare boulet rÃÆ' ´tir avec des choux les Brussel et pomme de terre. Normalement je prÃÆ' ©pare les carottes et un grand chocolat gÃÆ' ¢teau. J'achÃÆ' ¨te une hacher tartes pour ma famille et j'invite mes amis et mes cousines pour des grands repas et nous faisons un boom. A mon avis j'adore NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est chouette et amusant. J'aime mette le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l et allumer des bougies. J'ai adore faire du shopping pour les cadeaux pour mes amis. Aussi j'aime les que j'ai

Effects of Alcoholic Drinks to College Students Essay

Although alcohol may give you a feeling of elation and aroused senses due to a lessening of inhibitions during the early stages of alcohol intoxication, alcohol is a depressant. It depresses the central nervous system—leading to slowed reactions, slurred speech, and ultimately, to unconsciousness. Alcohol progressively affects different brain areas. Alcohol first affects the part of the brain that controls inhibitions. When people lose their inhibitions, they may talk more, get rowdy, and do foolish things. After several drinks, they may feel â€Å"high,† but really, their nervous system is slowing down. Alcohol acts fast because it is not digested like food. Instead, it moves directly into the bloodstream from the stomach and small intestine. It takes a long time for alcohol’s effects to wear off—as it takes approximately one hour for the liver to process the alcohol in one drink. ALCOHOL’S DAMAGING EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, impaired memory: Clearly, alcohol affects the brain. Some of these impairments are detectable after only one or two drinks and quickly resolve when drinking stops. On the other hand, a person who drinks heavily over a long period of time may have brain deficits that persist well after he or she achieves sobriety. Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. We do know that heavy drinking may have extensive and far–reaching effects on the brain, ranging from simple â€Å"slips† in memory to permanent and debilitating conditions that require lifetime custodial care. And even moderate drinking leads to short–term impairment, as shown by extensive research on the impact of drinking on driving. A number of factors influence how and to what extent alcohol affects the brain (1), including * how much and how often a person drinks; * the age at which he or she first began drinking, and how long he or she has been drinking; * the person’s age, level of education, gender, genetic background, and family history of alcoholism; * whether he or she is at risk as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure; and * his or her general health status. BLACKOUTS AND MEMORY LAPSES. Alcohol can produce detectable impairments in memory after only a few drinks and, as the amount of alcohol increases, so does the degree of impairment. Large quantities of alcohol, especially when consumed quickly and on an empty stomach, can produce a blackout, or an interval of time for which the intoxicated person cannot recall key details of events, or even entire events. Blackouts are much more common among social drinkers than previously assumed and should be viewed as a potential consequence of acute intoxication regardless of age or whether the drinker is clinically dependent on alcohol (2). White and colleagues (3) surveyed 772 college undergraduates about their experiences with blackouts and asked, â€Å"Have you ever awoken after a night of drinking not able to remember things that you did or places that you went? † Of the students who had ever consumed alcohol, 51 percent reported blacking out at some point in their lives, and 40 percent reported experiencing a blackout in the year before the survey. Of those who reported drinking in the 2 weeks before the survey, 9. 4 percent said they blacked out during that time. The students reported learning later that they had participated in a wide range of potentially dangerous events they could not remember, including vandalism, unprotected sex, and driving. Binge Drinking and Blackouts| †¢ Drinkers who experience blackouts typically drink too much and too quickly, which causes their blood alcohol levels to rise very rapidly. College students may be at particular risk for experiencing a blackout, as an alarming number of college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking, for a typical adult, is defined as consuming five or more drinks in about 2 hours for men, or four or more drinks for women. | ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE TO ALCOHOL’S EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN? Women are more vulnerable than men to many of the medical consequences of alcohol use. For example, alcoholic women develop cirrhosis (5), alcohol–induced damage of the heart muscle (i. e. , cardiomyopathy) (6), and nerve damage (i. e. , peripheral neuropathy) (7) after fewer years of heavy drinking than do alcoholic men. Studies comparing men and women’s sensitivity to alcohol–induced brain damage, however, have not been as conclusive. Using imaging with computerized tomography, two studies (8,9) compared brain shrinkage, a common indicator of brain damage, in alcoholic men and women and reported that male and female alcoholics both showed significantly greater brain shrinkage than control subjects. Studies also showed that both men and women have similar learning and memory problems as a result of heavy drinking (10). The difference is that alcoholic women reported that they had been drinking excessively for only about half as long as the alcoholic men in these studies. This indicates that women’s brains, like their other organs, are more vulnerable to alcohol–induced damage than men’s (11). SUMMARY Alcoholics are not all alike. They experience different degrees of impairment, and the disease has different origins for different people. Consequently, researchers have not found conclusive evidence that any one variable is solely responsible for the brain deficits found in alcoholics. Characterizing what makes some alcoholics vulnerable to brain damage whereas others are not remains the subject of active research (34). The good news is that most alcoholics with cognitive impairment show at least some improvement in brain structure and functioning within a year of abstinence, though some people take much longer (35–37). Clinicians must consider a variety of treatment methods to help people stop drinking and to recover from alcohol–related brain impairments, and tailor these treatments to the individual patient. Advanced technology will have an important role in developing these therapies. Clinicians can use brain–imaging techniques to monitor the course and success of treatment, because imaging can reveal structural, functional, and biochemical changes in living patients over time. Promising new medications also are in the early stages of development, as researchers strive to design therapies that can help prevent alcohol’s harmful effects and promote the growth of new brain cells to take the place of those that have been damaged by alcohol.  ¦ As well as damaging their health, university students who drink too much alcohol may also be damaging their academic performance. Alcohol: The Benefits of Moderate Drinking Drinking alcohol in moderate amounts can have positive influences on physical and mental health. While alcohol is one of the most widely abused substances on the market, it is also one that features certain benefits for drinkers who consume it in safe amounts. For individuals who consume low levels of alcohol, benefits like reduced stress, increased cardiovascular health and decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes offer a wealth of reasons for consumers to drink in moderation. Reduce Stress, Anxiety and Tension Research shows that the consumption of alcohol in moderate amounts can lead to certain psychological benefits. Low levels of alcohol can trigger stress reduction, easy feelings of anxiety and help consumers to reduce tension. In addition, low levels of alcohol consumption can also cause the consumer to feel more pleasant and relaxed. Studies on sleep show that people who drink in moderation get more sleep on average than do those who indulge in excess. These psychological effects of moderate drinking are positive ones that can be beneficial to the consumer. A Longer Life The positive psychological effects of drinking in moderation can be associated with the studies that show moderate drinkers tend to love longer than people who don’t drink at all or those who drink in excess. Studies from a number of different countries including China, the United States and England indicate that longevity is highest among groups of people who drink alcohol in moderation. Increased Cardiovascular Health Several studies have shown that drinking alcohol in moderation has a positive correlation with certain aspects of cardiovascular health. In particular, the risk of developing coronary artery disease is significantly lowered in conjunction with moderate consumption of alcohol. Another link between alcohol and cardiovascular health shows that moderate consumption of alcohol has a positive correlation with survivability in the event of a heart attack. Those who drink low levels of alcohol are more likely to live and less likely to experience another heart attack. Alcohol produces several positive effects on the body when consumed in low levels. For example, it increases levels of good cholesterol (HDL) and lowers levels of bad cholesterol (LDL). Alcohol also acts as a blood thinner once it enters the human body, much like common aspirin does. Thus, when consumed in moderation, it can reduce the likelihood of developing blood clots in arteries. Decreased Risk for Type 2 Diabetes While consuming alcohol in large quantities has been proven to put drinkers at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, some studies show that drinking in moderation might have the opposite effect. The relationship between alcohol and type 2 diabetes is the focus of a great number of ongoing studies. Findings show, however, that moderate drinkers are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than heavy drinkers. All of these health benefits associated with moderate drinking serve as an incentive for consumers to limit their levels of alcohol intake. Too much alcohol eliminates the health benefits described above. The best way to maximize on the health benefits of alcohol is to consume it in low levels. Negative Effects of Drinking Alcohol on Physical Fitness While occasional alcohol use may not have a major impact on physical activity, there is a clear link between sports, exercise and drinking alcohol. In fact, alcohol is the most widely used drug by athletes which is why alcohol related difficulties seem to be more common among those who exercise regularly. It is clear that drinking in excess can negatively influence exercise. Studies done to determine the influence that alcohol has on exercise Studies have shown that consuming alcohol has the following influence on exercise: *Diminishes the use of amino acids and glucose by the muscles of the skeleton *A detrimental influence on the supply of energy *An impairment in metabolism while exercising In addition, persuasive evidence implies that continual use of alcohol is connected with unfavorable effects on systems of the body and organs, including the liver, brain, heart and blood vessels. Exercising while under the influence of alcohol Drinking alcohol has a negative influence on motor skills, stamina and aerobic ability. Alcohol has the following effects on motor skills: *Delayed reaction time *A decrease in hand-eye coordination *Less precision and balance Alcohol has the following effects on strength training and short term athletic functioning: *A decline in athletic performance as a whole. *Decreased times in cycling and running *Weakened pumping power of the heart *Impaired temperature control while exercising *Weakening of grip strength *Decreased jump altitude *Lower 200 and 400-meter running performance *Becoming tired more quickly while participating in high-intensity workouts Alcohol has the following effects on aerobic performance: *Dehydration *Considerably diminished aerobic performance *Hindered 800 and 1500-meter running speeds *An increase in health risks after working out in hot atmospheres for an extended amount of time Working out with a hangover. A hangover is caused by a number of factors including, dehydration and toxicity from the alcohol. The symptoms include a gloomy mood and headache. Unfortunately, these side effects can cause a decline in athletic performance. Working out with a hangover has been shown to considerably decrease aerobic adequacy by as great as 11 percent. Long term effects that alcohol has on exercise performance Long term, heavy (more than two drinks each day) alcohol use can impair exercise in the following ways: *Hindering the cardiovascular reaction to exercise. *Cause nutritional deficits from changes in nutrient consumption, digestion and metabolism. *Cause muscle injury, wasting and feebleness in several muscles, including the heart. *Changing the body’s hormonal atmosphere It is also important to note that women might be more susceptible to the toxic results of alcohol on the heart. It is clear that drinking in excess can negatively influence exercise. Alcoholism is a growing problem in the United States and is even a problem in teenagers, too. Unfortunately, there are a variety of negative effects that are associated with the consumption of alcohol. While the negative effects can either be long term or short term, all of them start with the first drink of alcohol. Negative effects may not become apparent immediately, but as time goes on, the adverse effects of alcohol will become more and more noticeable and, in some cases, they can even lead to death. Diseases One of the negative effects that alcohol tends to have is the increased risk for multiple serious diseases. Increased consumption of alcohol can lead to serious medical problems such as cirrhosis of the liver, which often results in death. Infections, sleeping disorders and sexual dysfunctions can also be caused by consumption of alcohol. Recent studies have also shown that consumption of alcohol can actually raise the risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer, throat cancer and intestinal cancer. Consuming alcohol can be very serious and there are many grave negative effects that are caused by alcohol. Avoiding alcohol can help you avoid these adverse effects and perhaps even save your life.

Pride and Prejudice Essay The Function Of Dance - 2224 Words

The Function Of Dance in Pride And Prejudice In Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice, set in the Regency Period, dance performs several important functions. Dance patterns emulate courtship rituals, marking dance as a microcosm for courtship and marriage - two main themes of the novel. The Regency period propagated the belief that no ingredient was more essential to a courtship than dancing: To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love... (Austen 7). Therefore, knowledge of dance - dance steps as well as dance etiquette - was a crucial necessity and was often acquired through study and awareness of conduct codes. These crucial codes were disseminated through popular courtesy/conduct books, which†¦show more content†¦Some examples of negative manifestations of character include Lydia and Kitty Bennet and Mr. Collins. Lydia and Kitty exhibit an extreme irreverence and total lack of societal understanding; from their shameless soldier-chasing to Lydias scandalous affair with Wickham, these two exemplify social behaviors to be avoided. They reveal their weak natures on the dance floor through excessive giggling, cavorting, and tipsiness. Mr. Collinss behavior marks him as a comic figure. During the first two dances at Netherfield, Mr. Collins reveals his character in a way contrary to his own self-perception. As Elizabeth, his partner for those dances, recalls: . . . they were dances of mortification. Mr. Collins, awkward and solemn, apologising instead of attending, and often moving wrong without being aware of it, gave her all the shame and misery which a disagreeable partner for a couple of dances can give. The moment of her release from him was exstacy. (Austen 61) It is important to note, however, that aberration from accepted societal norms did not always result in negative associations. 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